Cost of Climate Change Damage
Attributes
Medium: Health and/or Human Capital
Country: Philippines
Analytical Framework(s): Damage Valuation
Study Date: 2013
Publication Date: 2014
Major Result(s)
| Resource/Environmental Good | PHP, per household (2013) |
PHP, per household (2014)1 |
USD, per household (2014)2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| cost of damages from typhoons and floods incurred by vulnerable households | 25,607.00 | 26,749.58 | 598.08 |
| house and property damages | 11,363.00 | 11,870.02 | 265.40 |
| agriculture damages | 24,559.00 | 25,654.82 | 573.60 |
| livestock production damages | 127,105.00 | 132,776.43 | 2,968.69 |
| aquaculture production damages | 14,395.00 | 15,037.30 | 336.21 |
| cost of damages to business income | 5,918.00 | 6,182.06 | 138.22 |
| cost of damages from medical expenses | 2,561.00 | 2,675.27 | 59.82 |
About the Inflation Adjustment: Prices in Philippines (PHP) changed by 4.46% from 2013 to 2014 (aggregated from annual CPI data), so the study values were multiplied by 1.04 to express them in 2014 prices. The study values could be expressed in any desired year (for example, to 2025) by following the same inflation calculation and being sensitive to directional (forward/backward) aggregations using your own CPI/inflation data.
Study Note: The authors mentioned that although households implemented some forms of adaptation, most of these were geared toward protecting their family members or their belongings. Livelihood adaptation seems to have been neglected. The study then recommended that campaigns promoting resilience of livelihoods be considered by the local government. Among the different climate-related hazards in Laguna, the study recommneded flood and typhoons be given priority because these are the most common hazards experienced by the households as found.
Study Details
Summary: Assessing the climate change vulnerability of households in 12 towns in the province of Laguna, the study identified that the most significant natural hazards in the province in terms of frequency and proportion of households affected were typhoons and floods. Majority of the vulnerable households were employed in the commercial and services sector as well as in the agriculture sector. Also, majority conducted some form of adaptation activities to minimize the potential impacts of natural hazards. The top five interventions preferred by households were financial assistance, provision of relief goods, information dissemination, medical assistance, construction of flood mitigation infrastructure, and livelihood assistance.
Site Characteristics: The study was conducted in the province of Laguna because of two key reasons according to the authors. First, Laguna is in the list of top 10 provinces in the country considered most vulnerable to climate change hazards, including typhoons and floods. In the last 10 years, four typhoons brought extensive devastation to Laguna, namely, Typhoon Xangsane (Milenyo), Typhoon Durina (Reming), Typhoon Ketsana (Ondoy), and Typhoon Mirinae (Santi). Second, the provincial government of Laguna has a strong intent to develop, adopt, and implement a sound Disaster Risk Reduction Management (DRRM) program. The province of Laguna is located 30 km from Manila. It is bounded by Laguna de Bay and the Rizal province in the north; by the Sierra Madre Mountain Range in the northeast; by Quezon province in the east; by Batangas province in the south; and by the Cavite province in the west. Laguna has a total land area of 1,759.7 km2. It is the third largest province in the country's Region IV. The provincial capital is Santa Cruz. Eighteen of the 29 municipalities of Laguna belong to the coastal zone. It has a total coastal length of 109.2 km and a total coastal zone area of 580.2 km2. The total population is estimated to be 1.9 million. The study focused on municipalities covered by three watersheds. The watershed boundary covers an area of 568 km2, which is slightly less than a third of the province's entire area. It includes 12 municipalities, which is about half of the total number of municipalities in the province.
Comments: In estimating vulnerability, two approaches were used: the Vulnerability Index (VI), where vulnerability is determined by three factors: hazard exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. and the Vulnerability as Expected Poverty (VEP), where vulnerability is defined as the probability that households or individuals will become poor in the future or fall below a minimum consumption threshold level, given certain shocks that may include the occurrence of climate extremes or climate variability.